Hydrogen directly bonded to our carbonyl carbon, that is an aldehyde. So we have an R group, and then we have a carbonyl, and then we have a We have a carbonyl and we have a hydrogen that's directly bonded So first, we have ourĪromatic ring, our arene, and then we have an aldehyde. Giveaway as to the functional group, we're talkingĪbout an aldehyde here. And we start with benzaldehyde, and the name is a dead All right, so more common mistakes that students make is they mix up these two functional groups, so let's look at the functional groups in Right next to the oxygen, that makes it an ester. So hopefully you see the difference there. The rest of the molecule over here on the other side, so now this is an ether. So this actually is an ether now, we have an oxygen, we have an R group on one side, and we have So now the carbonyl is gone, and now we do have an ether. So I drew the double bonds a little bit differentlyįrom how I drew it up here but it doesn't really matter, and then I'll put in ourĬarboxylic acid up here, and now, when I draw in this oxygen, I'm gonna take out the carbonyl. How could we turn that into an ether? Let me go ahead and So this carbonyl right next to this oxygen is what Represent an ether, however, we have this carbonyl here. Side of the oxygen, isn't that an ether? Well, this is, ROR would So an R group on one side of the oxygen, an R group on the other Look at this oxygen here, and say, okay, I have an oxygen, and then I have an R group on one side, and I have an R group on the other side. That I've seen a lot is on this functional group right here, on aspirin, students will This one is a carboxylic acid, and this one is a ketone and an alcohol. So hopefully you can see the difference between this compound and this compound. So now we have a ketone and an alcohol, so two functional groups present in the same compound. So when you have a carbonyl and an R group on one side, an R group on the other side, they could be the same R group, they could be a different R group. Then we have an R group on one side, an R group on the other side. And what would this one be? We have a carbonyl and So now we are talking about an alcohol, so this is an alcohol. So this would be, we can go ahead and use a different color here. So here is our carbonyl, and now the OH is moved further away, now we do have an alcohol, now we have an OH and then the rest of the molecule. If we moved the OH further away, from the carbonyl, let's go ahead and draw one out like that. Right next to this carbonyl, this is a carboxylic acid. Will look at that and say, oh, well I see an OH, and then I see the rest of the molecule, so isn't that an alcohol? But since this oxygen is Here a carboxylic acid, so we can talk about that. Will say a carboxylic acid is an alcohol. Let's look at some of the common mistakes that students make. So there's an esterįunctional group present in the aspirin molecule. So I'll go ahead and write that in, so that is an ester. That's all of this stuff over here, and then, on the other side of the carbonyl we have another R group. We have an oxygen directlyīonded to a carbonyl, and then for this oxygen, we have the rest of the molecule so

So here's a carbon doubleīonded to an oxygen, so let's write this out. We have an oxygen, and that oxygen is directlyīonded to a carbonyl. Oxygen is directly bonded to a carbon double bonded to an oxygen, and then we have the rest of the molecule, so hopefully you recognize this as being a carboxylic acid. Oxygen is directly bonded to a carbonyl, so let's goĪhead and write that out. What about this one up here? We have an OH, and the So this is an arene, so there is an arene functional

So what functional groups can we find in aspirin? Well, here is an aromatic ring. ROH is an alcohol, so there's also an alcohol present in this compound. What is this functional group? We have an OH and then we have the rest of the molecule, so we have ROH. Here's another alkene, right, here's another carbon-carbon double bond. Well here is a carbon-carbon double bond, and we know that aĬarbon-carbon double bond is an alkene. That we've talked about in the previous videos. So this molecule on the left is found in perfumes,Īnd let's look for some of the functional groups Identifying functional groups in different compounds.

Ester functional group